Marking time in the golden state womens imprisonment in california candace kruttschnitt and rosemary gartner p cm cambridge studies in criminology includes bibliographical references and index isbn 0 521 82558 x isbn 0 521 53265 5 pbk 1 women prisoners california 2 female offenders california 3 criminal . Marking time in the golden state womens imprisonment in california article pdf available january 2005 with 280 reads how we measure reads a read is counted each time someone views a . Marking time in the golden state in recent decades the nature of criminal punishment has undergone pro found change in the united states this case study of women serving time in california in the 1960s and 1990s examines two key points in this recent history the authors begin with a look at imprisonment at the california. They compare womens experiences in the 1990s at the california institution for women and the valley state prison when the recent get tough era was near its peak drawing on archival data interviews and surveys their analysis considers the relationships among official philosophies and practices of imprisonment womens responses to the prison regime and relations between women . Remarkably few studies of womens experiences in prison have been conducted during the past two decades despite the expansion of womens imprisonment and as we noted despite the thriving and sophisticated scholarly literature on penality as a result relatively little is known about the social order of womens prison lives in the 1990s is the heightened punitiveness of this era